VDM Dang Hai-Anh: Private Tutoring in Vietnam

Private tutoring is a widespread phenomenon in many developing countries, but little academic literature exists on private tutoring in Vietnam. This book briefly reviews the incidence of private tutoring in the world before offering more in-depth analysis for Vietnam. Factors that determine student attendance at private tutoring classes are considered at the individual, household, and community levels. Private tutoring is found to have significant impact on a student s academic performance. This book also contributes to the available estimation techniques by extending the simultaneous Tobit model of Amemiya (1974) to a joint Tobit-ordered probit econometric model to address the possible endogeneity of household spending on private tutoring. This book should be useful to policy makers, researchers, and those who are interested in the economics of education.